1.1 Preparation
of Teaching and Learning Facilities
Effective
teaching and learning is determined by educational facilities:
i.
The
management of the institution is responsible for the general management of
teaching space, repairs of equipment, maintenance and audio-visual aids.
ii.
The
Information Technology Centre is necessary as it is responsible for the
preparation, installation and computer operation during training.
iii. The management of class space for
teaching includes that of the laboratory, gymnasium, halls etc. The policy and
procedure for use need to be considered.
iv. Planning of future learning
facilities.
v.
Taking
care of security aspect of building, equipment and learning.
vi. Taking care of basic need for basic
facilities such as electricity, water, toilets, rest room, prayer room,
library, canteen and convenience store for students and staff of the training
centre.
1.2
Preparation of Training Presentation
Before
conducting instruction (training), a trainer needs to be prepared with the
following:
i.
Be well versed in the topic or subject
matter to be delivered.
Study
each aspect to be delivered / presented by reading up reports and researching
on the topic for the sole purpose of preparing a presentation script. In this
way, new ideas and alternative ways of thinking can be generated.
ii.
Understanding audience or learners.
Research
on individuals who make up the audience or trainees can be beneficial to
prepare for the delivery or presentation. For example, if trainees are not from
technical groups, avoid presenting technical illustrations and data.
iii.
Identifying objective
All
presentations, whether easy or complex contain one purpose or objective.
Understand and always remember this when preparing presentations.
iv.
Preparing the script.
Short
notes have to be prepared whether the presentation is formal or not. The notes
should contain the following components.
a. Introduction which explains the aim
and scopes of the presentation.
b. Body or contents of the presentation –
The body contains the most information, however divide it into several topics
to be covered.
c. Summary – This part must be brief and
should emphasis on the main or important ideas of the presentation.
d. Conclusion – Circulate the handouts
which focus on the main ideas so that course participants can remember. Answers
during the question- answer session of the presentation can be repeated.
v.
Choose appropriate audio-visual aids.
For
small groups of two/three people, handouts are sufficient. For groups of more
than thirty, the use of transparency and OHP or slide is more appropriate.
vi.
Prepare story board
The
purpose is to give a general picture of the presentation and to deliver important
ideas to audience or trainees.
vii.
Produce audio- visual aids such as
graphics, posters, etc.
viii.
Practice and practice.
Practice
or rehearsal can be recorded and any weaknesses can be rectified and
presentation improved.
ix.
On the presentation day.
Arrive
early and ensure that all equipments are in working order. Entertain all
questions, and use humor to reduce anxiety.
x.
Follow-up actions
Check
trainee/audiences attendance to ensure that the goal of presentation has been
achieved .Hand out questionnaires at the end of the presentation to get
feedback, in order to improve future presentations Encourage participants to submit
written questions which have not been answered during question-answer session.
1.3
Aspects of a Good Presentation
A
trainer must have good presentation skill at a seminar or workshop. If the
trainer is not skilled enough, presentation will be ineffective. The following
are important aspects of a good presentation or delivery.
i.
Communication
Create rapport, as good relations with
the person we are interacting with is very important. High technology
presentation will be meaningless without this rapport.
ii.
Skill in the use of teaching aids:
o OHP
o LCD and power point.
iii.
Use of samples.
For
further clarification of explanation and facilitate comprehension, the trainer
has to use appropriate samples.
iv.
Speech Dynamics
Fluency
in speaking will ensure a good and interesting presentation. The trainer needs
to use correct voice and tone, proper breathing, projection, resonance, and
avoid high tone. Choose words that will enable trainees to remember them.
v.
Skill in giving explanation.
Good
mastery over a language will make an explanation clearer. Content or ideas to
be delivered have to be arranged from simple to complex.
vi.
Organization of ideas to be delivered.
o Arrange important ideas.
o Inform late comers/ participants of
the ideas.
o Summarize the ideas.
1.4
Main
Aspects of Evaluation and Effectiveness of Session.
Evaluation of presentation is divided into 4 components.
i. Preparation:
a. There must be a set of up-to-date
course objectives, enabling objectives and critical learning points.
b. Visual Aids – up to date, well
designed, relevant and appropriate for the subject being taught.
c. Training room is arranged conducively
for the session that is going to be conducted. All equipment has been set up –
checked in advance.
d. Trainer well turned out – efficient,
reflects enthusiasm and committed to the session to be conducted.
ii. Structure
a. Introduction – clear statement of
objectives. The content and structure of the session are explained clearly.
b. Effort to motivate trainees and
explanation on why they need to learn the subject.
c. The session is presented in a logical order.
d. The material taught is technically
accurate, relevant and complete.
e. Every opportunity is taken to use
questionnaires or carry out discussion, to ensure that trainees have learnt and
understood the session.
f. The conclusion includes accurate
feedback on the achievement of objectives and aural performance, clear summary
and link up with next session.
iii. Instructor Skills
a. Posture, body language and expression
give impression of enthusiasm and commitment to the session. Alert when moving
and when seated.
b. Establishes / maintains good rapport
with participants, provides relaxed atmosphere, good eye contact and easy
two-way communication.
c. Makes good use of voice in terms of
range, pitch and tone, and emphasizes use of gesture.
d. Notes are used easily and naturally as
a support material. Trainer should be familiar with content.
e. Answer questions from trainees accurately,
patiently and with interest.
f. Deals with different kinds of trainees
with patience, tolerance and in a matter-of-fact way, in detached and
unemotional manner.
g. Deals with different situations empathetically.
h. Deals with different situations tactfully
without any prejudice.
i. Manages time discreetly to ensure that
all learning points are covered.
j. During discussion, has complete
control over time, range of topics and trainees.
k. During role-play, has total control over
flow of activity.
l. When giving feedback on
interpersonal-skills, is completely objective, sensitive to trainees, problem
areas and suggests constructive actions.
iv. Use of Visual Aids
a. Has no difficulty in operating OHP.
b. Uses flip chart with clear writing.
c. Operates video recorder effortlessly
and easily.
d. Uses camera and recorder knowledgeably
to produce good quality videos.
1.5
Components in Display of
Professionalism
The
trainer must display professionalism when carrying out tasks. Among the
components of professionalism that can be displayed are:
a. Sincerity and integrity
Sincerity and integrity indicate
fairness, speaking the truth, fulfilling promises, being fully committed, and
being open when interacting with trainee.
b. Responsibility
Prepared to accept and act responsibly
when carrying out tasks.
c. Respect for others
This feeling of respect is the crux of
humanity and humanity is the essence of professionalism.
d. Empathy
Empathy is important as it enables the
i to understand the condition and needs of the trainee.
e. Self-improvement
Search for and attempt to improve
skills in order to contribute and give better service.
f. Self-awareness
Awareness of the availability of guidance
and instruction when confronted by complex responsibilities.
g. Communication / collaboration
Instructor needs to work in
collaboration with other parties and be able communicate clearly, in order to
deliver information to trainees.
h. Altruism
This quality of giving importance to
another person’s welfare is the main element of professionalism.
REFERENCES
1. Esah Sulaiman, Amalan
Profesionalisme Perguruan, Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai,
2003.
2. Esah Sulaiman, Pengenalan
Pedagogi, Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, 2004.
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